Abstract— Slow pyrolysis of wheat stems from south-west Thuringia in Central Germany favours the interaction of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. As a result, after low pyrolysis temperatures of 600 °C, 800 °C or 1000 °C crystallinity of bio-carbon is pronounced. As shown by Raman spectroscopy, with increasing pyrolysis temperature, the intensity ratio ID/IG of D band to G band increases. This gives evidence of a growing amount of aromatic graphitic rings with a lot of disorder in the carbonaceous biogenetic material. With increasing pyrolysis temperature more 6-fold, still defective carbon rings form out of the amorphous sp2-C-C matrix. High resolution transmission electron microscopy identifies parallel layers of crystalline carbon that are oriented in bands after pyrolysis at 800 °C. This degree of order after a relatively low pyrolysis temperature is excellent. For many applications, regulated and oriented crystallinity is essential. Steering the orientation and fraction of crystalline bio-carbon could be favourable for producing carbon fibres of higher quality from suitable biomass. By regulating the composition of lignin to cellulose, hemicelluose or other substances, the bio-carbon crystallinity could be adjusted.
Keywords— carbonation, wheat stems, pyrolysis, Central Europe.
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