The aim of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the interactions between trypanosomatid parasites, its hosts and thoughts about their impact on environmental health, especially in those regions where hosts are natural reserves of many species. Wild life has been a major source of infectious diseases transmissible to humans [1, 2]. The zoonoses with a wild life reservoir represent an important public health problem all over the continents. A zoonosis is an infectious disease transmittable between animals and humans [3]. It is thought that trypanosomes had a single origin monogenetic as exclusively insect-borne parasites and later become digenetic parasites when vertebrates emerged since the Mesozoic era 230 mya [4]. Trypanosomes belong to the order Kinetoplastida and they infect many organisms.
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