Production of barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens) seedlings of increasing doses of domestic sewage effluent
Abstract— The barbatimão is a traditional plant species of Brazilian cerrado. Barbatimão bark is widely used in the production of medicines and cosmetics. Because it is an extractive exploitation plant, the activity can be considered aggressive for plants that after having their shells removed may die. Another point to consider is the lack of a fertilization protocol. Aiming to improve the nutrition of barbatimão seedlings through the use of effluent of domestic exhaustion. This work had as objective to study the production of barbatimão seedlings in function of crescents doses of domestic exhaustion. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 10 replications. The seedlings were grown in plastic bags of 7.5 liters filled with substrates based on pinus bark. The biometric evaluations were initiated 30 days after transplanting when the plants were already established in the new container and consisted of: height of the plants (measured by means of millimeter ruler) being considered with initial point of the region of the collection until the apex of the seedling; diameter of the stem (measured by means of digital caliper) and number of leaves counted from the base to the apex of the plant, being considered as leaf the petiole of the composite leaf inserted in the branches of the plant. In general, it was concluded that barbatimão seedlings were negatively influenced by the addition of domestic effluent from household wastewater. However, studies with lower dosages than those tested in this study are suggested.
Keywords—biomass, Agricultural production, nutritional management.
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The Role of Salicylic Acid, Jasmonic Acid and Ethylene in Plant Defense
Abstract— A complex network of cross – talk between the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways further fine tunes plant defense responses. SA can be formed from cinnamate via o – coumarate or benzoate depending on whether the hydroxylation of the aromatic ring takes place before or after the chain – shortening reactions. SA not only functions against biotrophs, but also activates plant resistance against the below – ground disease such as root – knot nematodes. The synthesis of jasmonates and many other oxylipins is initiated by lipoxygenases (LOXs), which catalyze the regio – and stereoselective dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. JA activates plant immune responses to necrotrophic pathogens, some phloem – feeding insects and chewing herbivores. Also JA is also involved in other aspects of plant – pathogen interactions, including systemic acquired resistance (SAR). The role of ethylene (ET) in plant diseases resistance is dramatically different duo to type of pathogene and plant species. There are many evidence that show ethylene response is linked to gene for gene resistance. It is proven that there are a strong connection between different pathways related to SA, JA and ET for plant diseases resistance. So that SA – dependent and JA/ethylene – dependent pathwa ys induce expression of different sets of PR genes and result in plant resistance to different pathogens.
Keywords— Jasmonic acid, Plant Resistance, Salicylic acid.
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Different land use systems improve soil fertility status of sandy soil and increase the yield of rice under rain-fed wet lowland tropical climatic conditions in Papua New Guinea
Abstract— The pratical use of different land use systems(LUS) as a management strategy and the effect of the LUSon soil proprties as an indicator of soil fertility status, and the understanding of the long-term effect of the LUS, are important to maintaining optimal soil fertility and yeild of crops. In the rain-fed wet lowlandtropical soils, studies related to rice production and the associated effectson soil properties are limited to a few studies. In this study, we investigated the effects of four LUS (crop rotation, continuous cropping, manure application and fallow) on soil properties that influence soil fertility status and yield of crops under a rain-fed wet lowland tropical sandy soil conditions.The data were compared with the natural soil data obtained prior to and at the end of the study. All the LUS had no to small effects on bulk density, moisture content, electrical conductivity and pH.Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, extractable potassium, and cation exchange capacity were all higher in all the LUS.Crop rotation increased soil organic carbon and cation exchange capacity, fallow increased total nitrogen, and manure application increased available phosphorus and extractable potassium contents, respectively.The LUS had no significant effects on particle composition except that small increases in the silt contentswere observed in the continuous, rotation and fallow systems. In almost all cases, soil organic carbon content influenced the fertility status of the sandy soil and yield of rice. Higher soil organic carbon contentresulted in higher available phosphorous and extarvale potassium,enhence reulted in higher yield of rice but decreased the total nitrogen content.Our results implied that the soil organic carbon content of sandy soils needs to be managed properly for optimal soil fertility and higher yieid.
Keywords— land use systems, soil fertility, yield of rice, rain-fed, sandy soil.
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Study on financial management problems and countermeasures of public hospitals under the new reformation of the medical treatment
Abstract— The reform of financial management is the top task of the new health care reform in public hospitals, and is the cornerstone that new health care reform has succeeded. This paper clarifies two basic concepts which are “New medical reform” and “Financial management of public hospitals”, and on this basis, it analyzes and studies the financial management of public hospitals, and puts forward some improvement measures, such as strengthening the construction of administrative management system and improving the mode of decision-making management; building a team of high quality financial management and deepening the comprehensive budget management; perfecting cost management and control system, standardizing medical service behavior, and strengthening the management of state-owned assets; establishing and improving the financial supervision and control mechanism of public hospitals; establishing the finance risk warning, prevention and management system of hospital.
Keywords— new health care reform, public hospital, financial management, improvement measures.
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Preliminary Study on Investigation of Turf Fungi Disease in Hailing District, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province China
Abstract— In order to find out the disease of turf fungi and the damage of the disease to the lawn in Hailing District of Taizhou, this paper investigates fungal diseases of lawn and grassland, such as Festuca arundinacea, Cynodon dactylon, Zoysia matrella, Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, in major parks and urban green spaces in Hailing District of Taizhou City. Then this paper separated and identified pathogenic fungi, mainly there are Alternaria alternate, Bipolaris sorokinianum, Drechslaris poae and Curvularia lunata, etc (8 kinds in all), and then basically defined the species, distributions and damage of turfgrass fungal diseases in Hailing District, Taizhou. In the meantime, this paper put forward specific proposals for the prevention and control of lawn diseases.
Keywords— Taizhou city, turfgrass, fungal diseases, control.