Anemia among Adolescent Girls and its socio-demographic Associates
Abstract—Adolescents are the future resources for any country to progress and prosper. According to Census 2001, in India, adolescent constitute one-fifth of the total population. Adolescent AGs are one of the important segments of the population for they are the future mother whose nutritional status affects that of the newborn baby. Anemia being a major public health problem among adolescent girls, a study was conducted with the objective to determine the socio-demographic correlates of anemia among girls. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 467 adolescent AGs in Ahmadabad city during May 2011 to august 2012 in Adolescent Friendly Health Services clinics. Results: Prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was 85.9%. Highest prevalence was observed during mid-adolescence phase. As the age of girls increases, Hemoglobin tends to get on the lower side. A statistically significant association was observed between anemia and nutritional status. No association was observed between anemia and religion, birth order, type of -family, education of parents and occupation of parents. Conclusion: Association between anemia and under-nutrition has been reported earlier in numerous studies; however present study highlights the fact that it is not common to have anemia among girls who are over nourished or obese. Hence, special efforts should be made to address this issue among girls by doing dietary modifications.
Key-words: Adolescent girls, Anemia, Socio-demographic Variables
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Descriptive analysis of Traumatic Cataract Cases with Special Reference to its Surgical Outcomes
Abstract— Traumatic cataract is the commonest complication causing diminution of the vision following any type of ocular injury. It causes serious visual disability in working population So this study was aimed to analyse the post traumatic cataract cases and to observed its surgical outcomes. This study was conducted on 47 post traumatic cataract cases attended at Opthalmology department of SMS Medical college, Jaipur. Present study observed that males predominate over females in traumatic cataract with M:F ratio 2.7 and majority (59%) of cases were below 20 years of age. The most common mode of injury was wooden stick in 40.43% cases followed by stone in 23.40%. 85.5% patients had pre operative visual acuity below hand movement in affected eye. In most of the cases IOL was implanted successfully and only one case left aphakic due to inadequate zonular support. Intraoperative posterior capsular rent occured in 1 case, and vitreous prolapse in 2 cases. Postoperative complications were striate keratopathy, AC reaction, residual cortical matter and hyphema. In this study final visual outcome in affected eye were as follows-44.68% patients -20/20 – 20/30, 38.30% patients – 20/40 -20/60. 82.98% patients were gain satisfactory final visual outcome. 17.02% patients have visual acuity below 20/80, due to the co-morbidity.10.64% patients have posterior capsular opacification, 6.38% patients have vitreous hemorrhage and one patient have aphakia with vitreous hemorrhage. These all patients were referred for further management. This study concluded that final visual outcome in traumatic cataract patients in closed globe injuries is clearly related to extent of damage to anterior and posterior segment. PCIOL implantation is the best way of rehabilitation of traumatic cataract cases. Further with better surgical techniques and instrumentation, minimal handling of tissues during surgery and good pre-operative and post-operative control of inflammation better results can be achieved.
Key words: Traumatic cataract, Open globe injuries, Closed globe injuries, Surgical Outcomes, PCIOL Implantation
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Heart Diseases and its associated factors in Geriatric Population residing in a Metropolitian City
Abstract: Geriatric population is increasing as life expectancy is increasing. This population is susceptible for many health problems which have a significant impact on their quality of life. So this cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2009 to August 2010 on 1620 elderly residing in Municipal corporation area of Jaipur city with the aim to study the heart diseases and its associated factors in geriatric population. Mean age of elderly was 66.08 years with slight female predominance i.e. 1048 females for 1000 males in Jaipur city. Only 285 (17.59%) elderly who were not having and type of morbidity otherwise a sizable count i.e. 573 (35.36%) were having even 4 or more type of co morbidity. Out of total 1620 elderly 544 (33.58%) were having Hypertension and 88 (5.43%) of elderly were having other heart diseases. It was found that all other heart diseases were having hypertension. Obesity was maximal co-morbidly with heart disease followed by Diabetes. Heart diseases were found significantly more in males. Likewise it was also observed that elderly who were doing exercise were having significantly less heart diseases. Hypertension was observed significantly more in elderly who were smoking followed by elderly who were taking alcohol and chewing tobacco. But proportion of heart diseases (other than hypertension) found significantly more in elderly who were taking alcohol than who were smoking.
Key words- Heart Diseases, Hypertension, Elderly, Geriatric, Metropolitan City.
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Socio-demographic Profile of Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) of Jaipur City
Abstract—Government of India launched the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) on 12th April 2005, to provide accessible, accountable, affordable, effective and reliable primary health care, especially to the poor and vulnerable sections of the population. And ASHAs are a ‘bridge’ or an interface between the community and health service outlets. NHM set some standard for ASHAs. So this study was conducted to assess the socio demographic profile in Rajasthan. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 ASHAs working in Jaipur city. Majority were in the age group of 26-45 years but few were <25 years and >45 years. Majority of ASHAs were having their family size 5-8 . About only one fifth of ASHAs were middle pass otherwise others were more than middle. Majority (91.8%) of ASHAs were married remaining very few were either widowed, divorcees or unmarried and majority i.e.101 (58.72%) were having 1-2 children. Likewise, majority 42.44% of ASHA were having 25-48 months (2-4 years) service and majority (69.77%) trained by ASHA Supervisor in this study but remaining were trained either of MOs, CDPOs, LHVs, LSs and ANMs Although majority 86.05% were not doing other job simultaneously with ASHA job.
Key words: ASHA, Socio-demographic profile
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Hepatitis B Knowledge and Vaccination Status among Ethnic Kashmiri Population: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract—Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major global public health problems with nearly 2 billion people infected worldwide. So this present study was planned to have information about socio-demographic characteristics of study subjects, level of knowledge about Hepatitis B and vaccination among adults. A cross-sectional, community-based study about hepatitis B knowledge and vaccination status among ethnic 1300 Kashmiri population aged 18 years and above was conducted. The study area was block Hazratbal of district Srinagar. There were 970 (74.6%) females and 330 (25.4%) males. Majority of our participants (54.7%) were in the age group of 21-40 years. Most of the participants were from urban areas(68%), currently married(66.8%), illiterate(64.8), members of joint family(59%) and belonging to socio-economic class II(67.2%). Regarding knowledge, only 10.2% subjects had heard of Hepatitis B before this study. Among them, 50 (37.6%) participants were aware of the modes of transmission of this disease. About the Hepatitis B vaccination, only 26 (2%) participants out of 1300 had ever received the vaccine. Keeping in view, the low level of knowledge about Hepatitis B in the general population, there is a need to organize health education campaigns targeting both health care workers as well as public, so that they adopt all possible measures to prevent the spread of this fatal infection.
Key words: Knowledge, Hepatitis B, Vaccination