Abstract— This study evaluated the risk of transmission of Chagas disease following implantation of the Brazilian National Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS) in two municipalities considered endemic risk areas. A seroepidemiological and entomological survey was conducted as part of the Triatoma infestans eradication program. According to a previous survey conducted in 1980, seroprevalence of Chagas disease was around 0.82% in São Luís dos Montes Belos and around 2.35% in Novo Brasil. In the present serological survey conducted in 303 schoolchildren born after the control phase in these regions, one of the children tested positive for the disease. In the 236 homes surveyed (150 in São Luís dos Montes Belos and 86 in Novo Brasil), all of which were infested by triatomine bugs, none of the triatomine bugs captured tested positive for Trypanosoma cruzi. Although Triatoma infestans is under control, there has been a considerable increase in secondary vectors such as Triatoma sordida; therefore, continuous epidemiological surveillance is fully justified within the current context of the SUS, and should be considered for inclusion as routine practice within the Family Health Program.
Keywords— Chagas disease, serology, epidemiology, triatomine bugs, surveillance.
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