Abstract— Variation patterns and range of juvenile wood basic density (BD) of 30 loblolly pine provenances in Zhejiang Province of China were reported in this paper. There were four radial variation patterns of BD within 310 10-year-old trees of 30 provenances, but the main pattern was a steadily increasing trend from pith to bark. The early-late correlation coefficient of BD for loblolly pine strengthens with trees age and the value of BD in 5 years old trees can be used for predict that in 10 years old trees. The BD mean change of 30 provenances is similar to normal distribution and the BD varies from 0.343 to 0.412 g/cm3. The BD mean of the contrast provenance is 0.369 g/cm3 and in medial level. There is an obvious difference in BD among 30 provenances. Further analyses show that the difference among trees within a provenance is greater than that among provenances and the environment has significant effects on its BD. The broad heritability of BD is 0.72. The individual tree selection within a provenance was much better than that among different provenance.
The BD mean of 30 provenances is related positively to the provenance latitude, Longitude of provenance is related negatively to wood density in East Coast and positive to wood density in South Coast and Gulf. There is a tendency for BD of loblolly pine provenance to be lower from west to east and from north to south. This variation in plantation in a common environment turned out contrary to that of natural at different environment. The BD of loblolly pine provenances introduced from high latitude is greater than that from low latitude, but tree growth properties from low latitude were much faster than those from high latitude.
The BD mean value of 310 trees at the same growth stage (the same age) was negatively related to the diameter at breast height and volume of these trees. Wood density was significant correlated negatively with tracheid width and tracheid diameter at different growth stage of loblolly pine. DBH was significant positively correlated with tracheid width, tracheid diameter and negatively distinct related to ratio of tracheid double wall thickness to tracheid diameter. That DBH was related positively to ratio of tracheid diameter to tracheid width and negatively to tracheid wall thickness showed that the tracheid wall thickness of fast trees or fast provenances did not increase in proportion as tracheid width and tracheid diameter increased. This would lead to the decrease in wood basic density. Better provenance selection for pulpwood and building lumber should be determined from both tree growth and wood properties.
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Keywords— loblolly pine, wood density, variation, wood anatomy, provenance trial and correlation analyses.
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